Following is a brief history of Andhra Pradesh and chronology of the movement for Telangana state
Merging Of Hyderabad State In To The Indian Union
· Hyderabad State had total 16 districts:8 Telangana + 5 Marat Wada + 3 Kannada speaking districts.
· Nizam dynasty ruled it from 1724 to 1948.
· Struggle against the king started somewhere in 1943 and reached to new heights after 17th August 1947 as Nizam refused to join the Indian union.
· Meanwhile Liberation movement started by the Telangana people against Razakars(a private militia organized by Qasim Razvi to support the rule of Nizam).
· Many people shed their lives for Liberation of Telangana from Nizam.
· The Razakars demanded special powers from the Nizam, which they started to misuse and the helpless Nizam had to abide by their dictates.
· Finally Sardar Vallabhai Patel (then Home Minister Of INDIA) decided to undertake "police action" in Hyderabad State to force the Nizam's hand. Operation Polo was launched and the Indian Army, led by Major General J. N. Chaudhuri, entered the state from five directions. The Razakars fought briefly against the overwhelming attack by Indian forces before surrendering on 18 September 1948. Mir Laik Ali, the Prime Minister of the Nizam, and Qasim Rizvi were arrested.
· On September 23 the merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced by Nizam.
Andhra Rastra Creation and role of Potti Sri Ramulu Garu:
On 19th of October 1952 Sri Potti Sri
Ramulu Garu started indefinite hunger strike for separation of Andhra from
Madras Presidency,with Madras as its capital.He died on 15th
December 1952 the 63rd day of fasting and Delhi cleared the way for
Andhra Rastra, and on 1st October 1953 Andhra Rastra was created
with Kurnool as capital.
Fazal Ali Commission:
SRC was commissioned by Delhi and headed by Supreme Court Judge "Fazal Ali".He made points both for and against unification.
Against Unification:
· It is not good to merge two regions which are unequal in development.
· Andhra is in deficit budget and Telangana is in surplus and there is every danger of the surplus being used by deficit region.
· People of Andhra are well versed with English and Telugu education. If a state is unified under telugu banner then Telangana people will be losers because for generations telugu was not administrative language( Urdu was the administrative language over there).
· Telangana is a plateau region where as the Andhra is plain and fertile utilization of water resources will be unequal under a unified state.
For unification:
• Andhra region will benefit from the infrastructure of Hyderabad and hence problem of their capital will be solved.
• Both regions can exchange food and mineral resources so that there can be all around development.
FORMATION OF ANDHRA PRADESH:
The proposal for amalgamation of Hyderabad state with Andhra state came up in 1953 and the then Chief Minister of Hyderabad state, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, supported the Congress central leadership's decision in this regard though there was opposition in Telangana region.
Accepting the merger proposal, Andhra assembly passed a resolution on November 25, 1955 promising to safeguard the interests of Telangana. An agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on February 20, 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests.
The then P.M Jawaharlal Nehru on 5th March 1955 while he was in tour of Nizamabad district of Telangana state was asked to comment on Andhra Pradesh state,in reply he made a statement “EK MASOOM BHOLI BHALI LADKI KO EK NATKAT LADKE KE SAAT SHAADI KIYA JAA RAHA HAI,CHAHE TOH WHO MILKE REH SAKTE HAI YA BICHAD SAKTE HAI”(an innocent girl (Telangana) is being wed to a clever boy(Andhra), it is of their choice to continue or to get separated).
Gentlemens' agreement 1956
Agreement text
1. There will be one legislature for the whole of Andhra Pradesh which will be the sole law making body for the entire state and there be one Governor for the State aided and advised by the Council of Ministers responsible to the State Assembly for the entire field of Administration.
2.
For the more convenient transaction of the business of Government with
regard to some specified matters the Telangana area will be treated as
one region.
3. For the Telangana region there will be a Regional Standing Committee of
the state assembly consisting of the members of the State Assembly
belonging to that region including the Ministers from that region but
not including the Chief Minister.
4. Legislation relating to specified matters will be referred to the Regional committee.
In respect of specified matters proposals may also be made by the
Regional Committee to the State Government for legislation or with
regard to the question of general policy not involving any financial
commitments other than expenditure of a routine and incidental
character.
5.
The advice tendered by the Regional Committee will normally be accepted
by the Government and the State Legislature. In case of difference of
opinion, reference will be made to the Governor whose decision will be
binding.
6. The Regional Committee will deal with following matters:
--Development and economic planning within the framework of the general development plans formulated by the State Legislature.
--Local Self Government, that is to say, the Constitutional powers of Municipal Corporations,
Improvement Trusts, District Boards and district authorities for the
purpose of Local Self Government or Village Administration.
--Public health and sanitation, local hospitals and dispensaries.
--Primary and secondary education.
--Regulation of admission to the educational institutions in the telangana region.
--Prohibition— Sale of agricultural lands.
--Cottage
and small scale Industries, and Agriculture, Cooperative Societies,
Markets and Fairs. Unless revised by agreement earlier this arrangement
will be reviewed after ten years.
7.
Domicile Rules : A temporary provision be made to ensure that for a
period of five years, Telangana is regarded as a unit as far as
recruitment to subordinate services is concerned; posts borne on the
cadre of these services may be reserved for being filled up by persons
who satisfy the domicile conditions as prescribed under the existing
Hyderabad Mulki Rules. ( 12 years of Stay in Telangana area)
8.
Distribution of expenditure between Telangana and Andhra Regions---
Allocation of expenditure with the resources of the state is a matter
which falls within the purview of the State Government and the State
Legislature. . Since , however, it has been agreed to the
representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the expenditure of the new
state on central and general administration should be borne
proportionately by the two regions and the balance of income should be
reserved for expenditure on the development of Telangana area, it is
open to the state government to act in accordance with the terms of
agreement in making budgetary allocations. The Government of India propose
to invite the attention of the Chief Minister of Andhra to this
particular understanding and to express the hope that it will be
implemented.
9. The existing educational facilities including Technical Education in Telangana should be secured to the students of Telangana and further improved---
10.
The cabinet will consist of members in proportion of 60:40 percent for
Andhra and Telangana respectively, out of 40 % of Telangana ministers,
one will be a Muslim from Telangana. If the Chief Minister is from one
region the other region should be given Dy Chief Ministership.
Signatories
Andhra region
Telangana Region
B. Gopal Reddy
(Chief Minister, Andhra State )
B. Rama Krishna Rao
(Chief Minister, Hyderabad state)
N. Sanjeeva Reddy
K.V. Ranga Reddy
G.Lachanna
M. Channa Reddy
Alluri Satyanarayana Raju
J.V. Narsing Rao
Struggle Of 1969:
In 1969, an agitation began in Telangana region as people protested the
failure to implement the Gentlemen's Agreement and other safeguards
properly.Marri Channa Reddy launched the Telangana Praja Samiti espousing the cause of a separate state. The
agitation intensified and turned violent with students in the forefront
of the struggle and about 400(90% students) of them were killed in violence and
police firing that ensued.
Following
several rounds of talks with leaders of the two regions, the then Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi came up with an six-point formula on April 12,
1969.
• All the employees who got employment against the rules shall be removed (not implemented till date)
• Action against those who got in with JAALI certificates (no action taken against any such person)
• Extension of mulki rules to local administration.
• Seniority must be respected as per the Supreme Court orders.
• Funds siphoned from Telangana must be given back(????)
• Increase the educational facilities in Hyderabad.
JAI ANDHRA MOVEMENT:
Supreme Court of India denied to accept the case filed by people of Andhra region and solidifies the MULKI rules, then started Jai Andhra movement and result was a death blow toTelangana,the following decisions were taken to ease the tensions:
• All the mulki rules were quashed.
• Telangana regional committee was cancelled.
• People started claiming Hyderabad as FREE ZONE.
• Period of residence brought down from 12 to 4 years.
IMPLIMENTATION OF 610 G.O:
The
then Telugu Desam Party government, headed by N T Rama Rao, brought out
a Government Order to safeguard the interests of Telangana people in
government employment. But till date it has not been implimented.
ANOTHER CHAPTER OF TELANGANA STRUGGLE:
Congress
was then smarting under crushing defeats in successive elections to the
state Assembly and Parliament with the ruling Telugu Desam Party in an
unassailable position. In 1999, Congress demanded creation of Telangana state. Yet
another chapter opened in the struggle for Telangana when Kalvakuntla
Chandrasekhar Rao, who was seething over denial of Cabinet berth in the
Chandrababu Naidu government, walked out of TDP and launched Telangana
Rashtra Samiti on April 27, 2001.
SEPARATE TEALANGANA STRUGGLE:
KCR fasting once again created liberation waves.When congress government contacted all the political partis in AP ,they agreed upon giving separate Telangana. Based on the All Party result Chidambaram(then home minister) declared that,"PROCESS OF SEPERATE TELANGANA HAS STARTED".
The very next day all parties( except BJP and CPI) changed their stand and have virtually split the state cabinet and the geographical regions, because the Congress unilaterally moved towards statehood. The state government, its own allies at the Centre or the people of Andhra were never consulted. A chief minister technically leads a state, but he may not always speak for his own government, as proved by Andhra CM K Rosaiah's meeting with Sonia Gandhi . Everyone is now facing a credibility crisis.
The Congress is damned if it does not carry forward the plan because Telangana, which had set its heart on statehood some 40 years ago, will never ever again trust the party because of this grand betrayal.
Meanwhile BJP has extended its support and said that there were ready to support the Telangana and will vote for Separate Telangana Bill if it is passed in Parliament.
TJAC ,OU students and others continuously fought for separate Telangana and many people lost their lives in the struggle.During this ultimate struggle,the Congress high command carried out various consultations and formed various committees on Telangana.
At last the Congress government had taken a decision in its CWC meeting and on 30th July they announced the Telangana will be the 29th
state of India comprising 10 districts with Hyderabad.
With a population of over 3.5 crore, the new state comprising mostly the areas of the princely Nizam state will have 17 Lok Sabha seats and 119 assembly seats.
· Nizam dynasty ruled it from 1724 to 1948.
· Struggle against the king started somewhere in 1943 and reached to new heights after 17th August 1947 as Nizam refused to join the Indian union.
· Meanwhile Liberation movement started by the Telangana people against Razakars(a private militia organized by Qasim Razvi to support the rule of Nizam).
· Many people shed their lives for Liberation of Telangana from Nizam.
· The Razakars demanded special powers from the Nizam, which they started to misuse and the helpless Nizam had to abide by their dictates.
· Finally Sardar Vallabhai Patel (then Home Minister Of INDIA) decided to undertake "police action" in Hyderabad State to force the Nizam's hand. Operation Polo was launched and the Indian Army, led by Major General J. N. Chaudhuri, entered the state from five directions. The Razakars fought briefly against the overwhelming attack by Indian forces before surrendering on 18 September 1948. Mir Laik Ali, the Prime Minister of the Nizam, and Qasim Rizvi were arrested.
· On September 23 the merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced by Nizam.
Andhra Rastra Creation and role of Potti Sri Ramulu Garu:
On 19th of October 1952 Sri Potti Sri
Ramulu Garu started indefinite hunger strike for separation of Andhra from
Madras Presidency,with Madras as its capital.He died on 15th
December 1952 the 63rd day of fasting and Delhi cleared the way for
Andhra Rastra, and on 1st October 1953 Andhra Rastra was created
with Kurnool as capital.
Fazal Ali Commission:
SRC was commissioned by Delhi and headed by Supreme Court Judge "Fazal Ali".He made points both for and against unification.
Against Unification:
· Andhra is in deficit budget and Telangana is in surplus and there is every danger of the surplus being used by deficit region.
· People of Andhra are well versed with English and Telugu education. If a state is unified under telugu banner then Telangana people will be losers because for generations telugu was not administrative language( Urdu was the administrative language over there).
· Telangana is a plateau region where as the Andhra is plain and fertile utilization of water resources will be unequal under a unified state.
• Andhra region will benefit from the infrastructure of Hyderabad and hence problem of their capital will be solved.
• Both regions can exchange food and mineral resources so that there can be all around development.
Gentlemens' agreement 1956
1. There will be one legislature for the whole of Andhra Pradesh which will be the sole law making body for the entire state and there be one Governor for the State aided and advised by the Council of Ministers responsible to the State Assembly for the entire field of Administration.
2.
For the more convenient transaction of the business of Government with
regard to some specified matters the Telangana area will be treated as
one region.
3. For the Telangana region there will be a Regional Standing Committee of
the state assembly consisting of the members of the State Assembly
belonging to that region including the Ministers from that region but
not including the Chief Minister.
4. Legislation relating to specified matters will be referred to the Regional committee.
In respect of specified matters proposals may also be made by the
Regional Committee to the State Government for legislation or with
regard to the question of general policy not involving any financial
commitments other than expenditure of a routine and incidental
character.
5.
The advice tendered by the Regional Committee will normally be accepted
by the Government and the State Legislature. In case of difference of
opinion, reference will be made to the Governor whose decision will be
binding.
6. The Regional Committee will deal with following matters:
--Development and economic planning within the framework of the general development plans formulated by the State Legislature.
--Development and economic planning within the framework of the general development plans formulated by the State Legislature.
--Local Self Government, that is to say, the Constitutional powers of Municipal Corporations,
Improvement Trusts, District Boards and district authorities for the
purpose of Local Self Government or Village Administration.
--Public health and sanitation, local hospitals and dispensaries.
--Primary and secondary education.
--Regulation of admission to the educational institutions in the telangana region.
--Prohibition— Sale of agricultural lands.
--Cottage
and small scale Industries, and Agriculture, Cooperative Societies,
Markets and Fairs. Unless revised by agreement earlier this arrangement
will be reviewed after ten years.
7.
Domicile Rules : A temporary provision be made to ensure that for a
period of five years, Telangana is regarded as a unit as far as
recruitment to subordinate services is concerned; posts borne on the
cadre of these services may be reserved for being filled up by persons
who satisfy the domicile conditions as prescribed under the existing
Hyderabad Mulki Rules. ( 12 years of Stay in Telangana area)
8.
Distribution of expenditure between Telangana and Andhra Regions---
Allocation of expenditure with the resources of the state is a matter
which falls within the purview of the State Government and the State
Legislature. . Since , however, it has been agreed to the
representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the expenditure of the new
state on central and general administration should be borne
proportionately by the two regions and the balance of income should be
reserved for expenditure on the development of Telangana area, it is
open to the state government to act in accordance with the terms of
agreement in making budgetary allocations. The Government of India propose
to invite the attention of the Chief Minister of Andhra to this
particular understanding and to express the hope that it will be
implemented.
9. The existing educational facilities including Technical Education in Telangana should be secured to the students of Telangana and further improved---
10.
The cabinet will consist of members in proportion of 60:40 percent for
Andhra and Telangana respectively, out of 40 % of Telangana ministers,
one will be a Muslim from Telangana. If the Chief Minister is from one
region the other region should be given Dy Chief Ministership.
Signatories
| Andhra region | Telangana Region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. Gopal Reddy (Chief Minister, Andhra State ) |
B. Rama Krishna Rao (Chief Minister, Hyderabad state) |
||||
| N. Sanjeeva Reddy | K.V. Ranga Reddy | ||||
| G.Lachanna | M. Channa Reddy | ||||
| Alluri Satyanarayana Raju | J.V. Narsing Rao |
• Action against those who got in with JAALI certificates (no action taken against any such person)
• Extension of mulki rules to local administration.
• Seniority must be respected as per the Supreme Court orders.
• Funds siphoned from Telangana must be given back(????)
• Increase the educational facilities in Hyderabad.
JAI ANDHRA MOVEMENT:
• Telangana regional committee was cancelled.
• People started claiming Hyderabad as FREE ZONE.
• Period of residence brought down from 12 to 4 years.
Congress was then smarting under crushing defeats in successive elections to the state Assembly and Parliament with the ruling Telugu Desam Party in an unassailable position. In 1999, Congress demanded creation of Telangana state. Yet another chapter opened in the struggle for Telangana when Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao, who was seething over denial of Cabinet berth in the Chandrababu Naidu government, walked out of TDP and launched Telangana Rashtra Samiti on April 27, 2001.
No comments:
Post a Comment
FEEL FREE TO COMMENT :)